Rising: Ten Thousand Years Chapter 60: : The coldest water

The whole audience was silent, everyone looked at Li Zhen dumbfounded, and then at the red-faced and thick-necked Qi Dengming.

This... this is amazing.

This phenomenon of hot ice is inherently miraculous. I didn't expect Li Zhen to be able to tell the truth. What else does he not know?

Li Zhen continued: "The so-called hot ice phenomenon is actually not ice. It is a supersaturated sodium acetate solution. After receiving certain stimuli, the excess solute will start from top to bottom and form rhomboid crystals. It looks like ice. , but in fact the crystal will emit heat, so it is called hot ice.

The supersaturated sodium acetate solution looks like water, but it is not water. Its interior is in a metastable state. If the solution is contaminated with sodium acetate trihydrate crystals, this balance will be broken, thereby stimulating the rapid crystallization of the solute. And when sodium acetate crystals are put into the supersaturated solution, the crystals will become 'seed crystals' and thus become a medium, leading the process of breaking the supersaturated balance and reducing all to crystallization. This is not an experiment of turning water into ice, but an experiment of reducing a supersaturated solution of sodium acetate into sodium acetate crystals. "

At this moment, Qi Dengming was stunned, unable to speak a word, and stood there extremely awkwardly.

At this time, a chemistry teacher raised a question: "Li Zhen, I don't agree with your statement. Sodium acetate is widely used, so we have a lot of experiments on sodium acetate. You said it is sodium acetate. solution, but we also mixed sodium acetate crystals with water before, why didn’t they crystallize at that time?”

Li Zhen smiled and said: "Teacher, if you say that sodium acetate and water are a supersaturated solution, then this is too simple."

The teacher asked back: "Then why didn't we discover it before? Why can it crystallize now?"

Li Zhen said: "Because there are still some procedures to crystallize sodium acetate. The first step is to dissolve sodium acetate in water at a ratio of 1.3:1. Then the solution Heat to a boiling state, about 80-95 degrees. Stir continuously during the heating process until the sodium acetate crystals are completely fused with water. After a thin film is formed on the surface of the heated sodium acetate solution, it is left to cool. This can be called a supersaturated solution of sodium acetate."

Everyone turned their heads to look at Qi Dengming and asked:

"Is that so?"

"Do you really want to heat it up?"

"Stir while heating?"

“…”

Qi Dengming gave a wry smile, cupped his fists and bowed to Li Zhen: "Mr. Li!"

‘Wow——’

It's true that everyone is commotion.

Only then did Qi Dengming say: "Yes, when I was doing the experiment, I had a sudden idea of ​​what would happen if the sodium acetate solution was boiled. Then I heated the solution and brought it to a boil. After the solution cooled down, I wanted to move it to another place. But my hands shook, and the solution accidentally spilled on the sodium acetate crystals on the table. The water that was spilled at that time, oh no, supersaturated solution. On the spot There is ice on the table...it was a coincidence that I discovered such a phenomenon.

Originally, I wanted to use this phenomenon to challenge Master Li's knowledge. By the way, I also wanted to attract everyone's attention and announce this phenomenon. But I didn't expect... Master Li has insight into everything, and I don't understand why I accidentally discovered the phenomenon, but he can explain it in one word. admire. "

Saying that, Qi Dengming bowed to Li Zhen again.

Everyone couldn't help but get goosebumps, feeling deeply moved.

Science, what is science?

Isn't it just the result of trial and error again and again?

Qi Dengming is representative, whimsical and accidental discovery.

Occasionally, the hand trembled, and the solution was spilled, and the crystals were accidentally spilled on the table, and the phenomenon of hot ice was achieved by accident.

Science is the constant occurrence of accidents in constant trial and error.

Li Zhen also bowed to Qi Dengming: "Senior Qi's ability to discover this phenomenon is the blessing of heaven. We should respect everyone who has science in mind. I also admire Senior Qi's spirit of bold assumptions and trial and error. "

Qi Dengming smiled wryly, deeply moved, and didn't know what to say for a while.

In the silence of the scene, Xu Shenxue suddenly said: "Li Zhen, you said just now, there are other ways to make water freeze? Or real ice?"

As soon as this remark came out, the scene became even more silent. Everyone turned their heads and looked at Li Zhen again, their eyes full of anticipation.

Li Zhen nodded: "Yes. There are many ways to freeze water."

Xu Shenxue came over and said excitedly, "Tell me quickly."

Li Zhen never hides anything from other people's questions, and said bluntly: "There are also methods of freezing ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, and ammonium chloride."

"There are so many ways to freeze?"

"Is this true?"

"What is ammonium nitrate?"

"It turns out that water doesn't have to wait until winter to freeze, it turns out that artificial ice can also be frozen?"

"That person is too against the sky, this is an act against the sky."

“…”

Li Zhen said calmly: "If you want to freeze water, you need to know the characteristics of water. When water is below 1 standard atmospheric pressure and below 0 degrees, it will reach the freezing point. Water at the freezing point , one molecule produces a crystal, which can be called a 'seed crystal' and then becomes a medium, quickly infecting other water molecules at the same temperature, thus forming a large area of ​​ice. These are the three forms of water: steam, water, One of the ice, the characteristics of ice."

A chemistry teacher stood up, trembling with excitement: "Then what? Then how does it freeze?"

"Take ammonium nitrate as an example. The characteristics of ammonium nitrate are: water absorption, agglomeration, and heat absorption. When turning water into ice, we take the heat absorption characteristics of ammonium nitrate. You can use a large basin... like this , Is there ammonium nitrate in the laboratory? I will test it on the spot."

"What is ammonium nitrate?"

A chemistry teacher asked weakly.

Li Zhen slapped his forehead, forget it. Fuxing University is not yet capable of producing ammonium nitrate. Without him, the main structure of ammonium nitrate contains ammonia gas, and ammonia gas needs to be prepared under high pressure and high heat. For the time being, Fuxing University has no equipment that can reach high pressure. After that, there was no technology to extract ammonia gas, because ammonia gas is highly toxic and difficult to extract.

"In this case, we will use saltpeter instead of ammonium nitrate. At a certain temperature, saltpeter can also freeze water with a certain probability."

After hearing what Li Zhen said, Xu Shenxue quickly jumped up: "Quick, find saltpeter!"

"Saltpeter."

"Hurry up, go get the saltpeter."

“…”

One by one, the students standing behind watching the excitement ran out, looking for saltpeter everywhere. Everyone's enthusiasm for science is extremely high.

Within ten minutes, someone brought what Li Zhen wanted to use.

A large basin, a bag of saltpeter, and a beaker.

Li Zhen first filled the big basin with water, then poured all the saltpeter into the basin, and handed a wooden stick to Qi Dengming: "Stirring water and saltpeter will fully absorb the heat in the water."

Qi Dengming was shocked and said, "This...does it mean that if you stir like this, this pot will freeze?"

Li Zhen smiled: "Of course not."

Turning to look at the classmate: "I need a cup of water from a deep well. Now the water at room temperature outdoors has a higher temperature due to the weather, and it takes a long time to achieve the effect. And the water in the deep well , with more heat loss and lower water temperature, it is more suitable for completing this test quickly.”

"Go, get well water!"

"I want the coldest well water!"

“…”

Some students ran to the well in groups of three or four on the spot~IndoMTL.com~ Want the coldest well water? "

"In fact, the closer to the bottom of the well, the colder the water. The temperature of the water on the surface of the well is still relatively high due to the weather."

"Well, you hang me down, and I will go to the bottom of the well to get deep well water."

"Be safe,"

A classmate took off his shirt on the spot, tied a rope around his waist, and slowly climbed down with a bottle with a cap in his hand.

'Putong' jumped into the narrow well and dived in. To the bottom of the deepest well.

Surrounded by classmates, they were talking about Li Zhen.

After waiting for about two minutes, there was no movement in the well. Some students took photos with flashlights, but it was quiet.

"Student!"

"Quick, pull it out!"

"Pull him out quickly."

"This well is very deep, and people have been drowned before. Don't be surprised. :"

"No, the rope is broken!"

"Ah! Call for help."

"What to do, how to do this?"

“…”

Just as everyone was startled, there was a sound of 'pop', and there was movement in the well.

Everyone hurriedly lay down and looked inside, only to see that the shirtless classmate's face was dripping with water, and he kept panting heavily. Seeing everyone at Jingkou looking at him with concern, he gave a smirk, and proudly raised the bottle with the screwed cap tightly in his hand:

"I got it, it's very cold!"

"Pull me up quickly, and send the cold water there quickly, otherwise the ice water will be destroyed by the room temperature. I want to see the experiment."

“…”

Everyone looked at the classmate who was climbing up the well with a smirk on the bottom of the well, and there was no sound.